Protective effect of sterubin against neurochemical and behavioral impairments in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease

This study was conducted to evaluate how sterubin affects rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) in rats. A total of 24 rats were distributed into 4 equal groups: normal saline control and rotenone control were administered saline or rotenone (ROT), respectively, orally; sterubin 10 received ROT + sterubin 10 mg/kg po; and sterubin alone was administered to the test group (10 mg/kg). Rats of the normal saline and sterubin alone groups received sunflower oil injection (sc) daily, 1 h after receiving the treatments cited above, while rats of the other groups received rotenone injection (0.5 mg/kg, sc). The treatment was continued over the course of 28 days daily. On the 29th day, catalepsy and akinesia were assessed. The rats were then euthanized, and the brain was extracted for estimation of endogenous antioxidants (MDA: malondialdehyde, GSH: reduced glutathione, CAT: catalase, SOD: superoxide dismutase), nitrative (nitrite) stress markers, neuroinflammatory cytokines, and neurotransmitter levels and their metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA)). Akinesia and catatonia caused by ROT reduced the levels of endogenous antioxidants (GSH, CAT, and SOD), elevated the MDA level, and altered the levels of nitrites, neurotransmitters, and their metabolites. Sterubin restored the neurobehavioral deficits, oxidative stress, and metabolites of altered neurotransmitters caused by ROT. Results demonstrated the anti-Parkinson's activities of sterubin in ROT-treated rats.

New role of astrocytes in neuroprotective mechanisms after ischemic stroke / Novo papel dos astrócitos nos mecanismos neuroprotetores após acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico

Abstract Astrocytes are the most abundant cell subtypes in the central nervous system. Previous studies believed that astrocytes are supporting cells in the brain, which only provide nutrients for neurons. However, recent studies have found that astrocytes have more crucial and complex functions in the brain, such as neurogenesis, phagocytosis, and ischemic tolerance. After an ischemic stroke, the activated astrocytes can exert neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects through a variety of pathways. In this review, we will discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms of astrocytes in cerebral ischemia, and mainly focus on reactive astrocytosis or glial scar, neurogenesis, phagocytosis, and cerebral ischemic tolerance, for providing new strategies for the clinical treatment of stroke.

Resumo Os astrócitos são os subtipos de células mais abundantes no sistema nervoso central. Estudos anteriores acreditavam que os astrócitos são células de suporte no cérebro, que apenas fornecem nutrientes para os neurônios. No entanto, estudos recentes descobriram que os astrócitos têm funções mais cruciais e complexas no cérebro, como neurogênese, fagocitose e tolerância isquêmica. Após um acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico, os astrócitos ativados podem exercer efeitos neuroprotetores ou neurotóxicos através de uma variedade de vias. Nesta revisão, discutiremos os mecanismos neuroprotetores dos astrócitos na isquemia cerebral, e focaremos principalmente na astrocitose reativa ou cicatriz glial, neurogênese, fagocitose e tolerância isquêmica cerebral, para fornecer novas estratégias para o tratamento clínico do acidente vascular cerebral.

A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effects of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate on Neurological Outcomes and Hospital Stay in Patients Admitted for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke

Introduction: Neurological stroke is the most common cause of disability and leaves nearly 65% of survivors with sensory, motor and coordinative disabilities. At present, there are no therapies to prevent long-term neurological deficits after stroke. Many neuroprotective drugs are being tested with the aim to ensure these effects. Preclinical studies have shown a modulatory effect of cerebroprotein hydrolysate on synaptic remodeling and facilitated synaptic transmission. Material and methods: This was a hospital-based, open-label pilot study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of North India. All patients admitted with a diagnosis of stroke both ischemic and hemorrhagic, were included in the study. Patients were randomized into two groups. The test group was given cerebroprotein hydrolysate, along with standard treatment for stroke, whereas the other group was kept on standard treatment for stroke as per the latest guidelines, without cerebroprotein. Results: A total of 50 patients of stroke, admitted in a tertiary care center were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 65.7 ± 11.86 years. Twenty-six (52%) were males and 24 (48%) were females. Out of the total 50 patients, 23 (46%) had ischemic stroke and 27 (54%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Twenty (40%) had diabetes, 37 (74%) had hypertension, 8 (16%) were known cases of coronary artery disease, 28 (56%) had dyslipidemia, 22 (44%) were smokers, 7 (14%) had a history of ethanol consumption and 13 (26%) were obese. Mean Barthel score at admission was 21.2 ± 11.3 and mean Rankin score at admission was 3.6 ± 1.37. Mean Barthel score at end of treatment was 53.9 ± 28.72 and mean Rankin score at end of treatment was 2.6 ± 1.65. The mean duration of admission was 6.8 ± 3.57 days. Conclusion: The current study highlights the role of cerebroprotein hydrolysate in improving the neurological scores and reducing hospital stay among patients hospitalized with stroke.

A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effects of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate on Neurological Outcomes and Hospital Stay in Patients Admitted for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke

Introduction: Neurological stroke is the most common cause of disability and leaves nearly 65% of survivors with sensory, motor and coordinative disabilities. At present, there are no therapies to prevent long-term neurological deficits after stroke. Many neuroprotective drugs are being tested with the aim to ensure these effects. Preclinical studies have shown a modulatory effect of cerebroprotein hydrolysate on synaptic remodeling and facilitated synaptic transmission. Material and methods: This was a hospital-based, open-label pilot study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of North India. All patients admitted with a diagnosis of stroke both ischemic and hemorrhagic, were included in the study. Patients were randomized into two groups. The test group was given cerebroprotein hydrolysate, along with standard treatment for stroke, whereas the other group was kept on standard treatment for stroke as per the latest guidelines, without cerebroprotein. Results: A total of 50 patients of stroke, admitted in a tertiary care center were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 65.7 ± 11.86 years. Twenty-six (52%) were males and 24 (48%) were females. Out of the total 50 patients, 23 (46%) had ischemic stroke and 27 (54%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Twenty (40%) had diabetes, 37 (74%) had hypertension, 8 (16%) were known cases of coronary artery disease, 28 (56%) had dyslipidemia, 22 (44%) were smokers, 7 (14%) had a history of ethanol consumption and 13 (26%) were obese. Mean Barthel score at admission was 21.2 ± 11.3 and mean Rankin score at admission was 3.6 ± 1.37. Mean Barthel score at end of treatment was 53.9 ± 28.72 and mean Rankin score at end of treatment was 2.6 ± 1.65. The mean duration of admission was 6.8 ± 3.57 days. Conclusion: The current study highlights the role of cerebroprotein hydrolysate in improving the neurological scores and reducing hospital stay among patients hospitalized with stroke.

Transcription factor EB attenuates neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia via regulating autophagy-lysosomal pathway / 国际脑血管病杂志

The disorder of autophagy lysosomal pathway (ALP) is an important pathogenesis of neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia, and the restoration of ALP may alleviate neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia. As the main transcription factor regulating ALP, transcription factor EB (TFEB) can directly regulate autophagosome generation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and autophagic flux by regulating the expression of autophagic genes and lysosomal genes. Therefore, regulating TFEB can alleviate ALP dysfunction and thereby reduce cerebral ischemic damage. This article reviews the structure, biological function of TFEB and its role in regulating ALP to alleviate neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia.

Structural diversification of bioactive bibenzyls through modular co-culture leading to the discovery of a novel neuroprotective agent

Bibenzyls, a kind of important plant polyphenols, have attracted growing attention for their broad and remarkable pharmacological activities. However, due to the low abundance in nature, uncontrollable and environmentally unfriendly chemical synthesis processes, these compounds are not readily accessible. Herein, one high-yield bibenzyl backbone-producing Escherichia coli strain was constructed by using a highly active and substrate-promiscuous bibenzyl synthase identified from Dendrobium officinale in combination with starter and extender biosynthetic enzymes. Three types of efficiently post-modifying modular strains were engineered by employing methyltransferases, prenyltransferase, and glycosyltransferase with high activity and substrate tolerance together with their corresponding donor biosynthetic modules. Structurally different bibenzyl derivatives were tandemly and/or divergently synthesized by co-culture engineering in various combination modes. Especially, a prenylated bibenzyl derivative ( 12) was found to be an antioxidant that exhibited potent neuroprotective activity in the cellular and rat models of ischemia stroke. RNA-seq, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western-blot analysis demonstrated that 12 could up-regulate the expression level of an apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondria associated 3 (Aifm3), suggesting that Aifm3 might be a new target in ischemic stroke therapy. This study provides a flexible plug-and-play strategy for the easy-to-implement synthesis of structurally diverse bibenzyls through a modular co-culture engineering pipeline for drug discovery.

New di-spirocyclic labdane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Leonurus japonicus / 中国天然药物

Phytochemical investigation on the ethanol extract of a well-known medicinal herb Leonurus japonicus, led to the separation of 18 labdane type diterpenoids (1-18). Through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations, these compounds were structurally characterized as six new interesting 5,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones (1-6), two new (7 and 8) and six known (13-18) interesting 6,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones, a new rare 14,15-dinor derivative (9), and three new ones incorporating a γ-lactone unit (10-12). An in vitro neuroprotective assay in RSC96 cells revealed that compounds 7 and 12 exhibited neuroprotective activity in a concentration-dependent way, comparable to the reference drug N-acetylcysteine.

Tea tree oil, a vibrant source of neuroprotection via neuroinflammation inhibition: a critical insight into repurposing Melaleuca alternifolia by unfolding its characteristics / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Over the past few decades, complementary and alternative treatments have become increasingly popular worldwide. The purported therapeutic characteristics of natural products have come under increased scrutiny both in vitro and in vivo as part of efforts to legitimize their usage. One such product is tea tree oil (TTO), a volatile essential oil primarily obtained from the native Australian plant, Melaleuca alternifolia, which has diverse traditional and industrial applications such as topical preparations for the treatment of skin infections. Its anti-inflammatory-linked immunomodulatory actions have also been reported. This systematic review focuses on the anti-inflammatory effects of TTO and its main components that have shown strong immunomodulatory potential. An extensive literature search was performed electronically for data curation on worldwide accepted scientific databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and esteemed publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Frontiers, and Taylor & Francis. Considering that the majority of pharmacological studies were conducted on crude oils only, the extracted data were critically analyzed to gain further insight into the prospects of TTO being used as a neuroprotective agent by drug formulation or dietary supplement. In addition, the active constituents contributing to the activity of TTO have not been well justified, and the core mechanisms need to be unveiled especially for anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects leading to neuroprotection. Therefore, this review attempts to correlate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of TTO with its neuroprotective mechanisms.

Meroterpenoids from Rhododendron nivale / 中国中药杂志

To elucidate the chemical material basis of Rhododendron nivale, this study comprehensively used various chromatographic techniques to isolate and obtain five new meroterpenoid enantiomers(1a/1b-5a/5b) from the ethyl acetate extract of R. nivale. A variety of spectral analytical methods, such as high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR), and infrared(IR) spectrum, were used to evaluate the structure, combined with the measurement and calculation of electronic circular dichroism(ECD). The new compounds 1a/1b-4a/4b were named as(±)-nivalones A-B(1a/1b-2a/2b) and(±)-nivalnoids C-D(3a/3b-4a/4b), along with one known enantiomer(±)-anthoponoid G(5a/5b). Human neuroblastoma cells(SH-SY5Y cells) induced by hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) were used as oxidative stress models to evaluate the protective activity of the isolated compounds against oxidative damage to nerve cells. It was found that compounds 2a and 3a had a certain protective effect on nerve cells against H_2O_2-induced oxidative damage at concentrations of 50 μmol·L~(-1), which increased the cell survival rate from 44.02%±2.30% to 67.82%±1.12% and 62.20%±1.87%, respectively. Other compounds did not show a significant ability to protect cells from oxidative damage. These findings enrich the chemical constituents of R. nivale and provide valuable information for identifying the structure of its meroterpenoids.

Effect of Ganmai Dazao Decoction on ethology of rats with PTSD and its mechanism / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the effect of Ganmai Dazao Decoction on the ethology of rats with posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and study the related mechanism through the changes in magnetic resonance imaging and protein expression. Sixty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely the normal group, the model group, the low(1 g·kg~(-1)), medium(2 g·kg~(-1)), and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction groups(4 g·kg~(-1)), and the positive control group(intragastric administration with 10.8 mg·kg~(-1) of fluoxetine), with 10 rats in each group. Two weeks after inducing PTSD by single-prolonged stress(SPS) in rats, the positive control group was given fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule by gavage, the low, medium, and high-dose groups were given Ganmai Dazao Decoction by gavage, and both the normal group and the model group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage, each for 7 days. The open field experiment, elevated cross elevated maze, forced swimming experiment, and new object recognition test were carried out for the behavioral test. Three rats in each group were selected to detect the expression of neuropeptide receptor Y1(NPY1R) protein in the hippocampus by Western blot. Then, the other three rats in each group were selected to use the 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging experiment to observe the overall structural changes in the brain region and the anisotropy fraction of the hippocampus. The results of the open field experiment showed that the total distance and central distance of rats in the model group were significantly lower than those in the normal group, and the total distance and central distance of rats in the middle and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction groups were higher than those in the model group. The results of the elevated cross maze test showed that medium and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction remarkably increased the number of open arm entries and the residence time of open arm of rats with PTSD. The results of the forced swimming experiment showed that the immobility time in the water of the model group rats was significantly higher than that of the normal group, and Ganmai Dazao Decoction hugely reduced the immobility time in the water of rats with PTSD. The results of the new object recognition test showed that Ganmai Dazao Decoction significantly increased the exploration time of new objects and familiar objects in rats with PTSD. The results of Western blot showed that Ganmai Dazao Decoction significantly reduced the expression of NYP1R protein in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD. The 9.4T magnetic resonance examination found that there was no significant difference in the structural image among the groups. In the functional image, the fractional anisotropy(FA value) of the hippocampus in the model group was significantly lower than that in the normal group. The FA value of the hippocampus in the middle and high-dose Ganmai Dazao Decoction groups was higher than that in the model group. Ganmai Dazao Decoction reduces the injury of hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the expression of NYP1R in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD, thereby improving the nerve function injury of rats with PTSD and playing a neuroprotective role.

Progress on pharmacological activities and hepatotoxicity of bavachinin / 药学实践杂志

Bavachinin is a dihydroflavone isolated from dried ripe fruits of Psoralea corylifolia L.，which has various pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective, and good potential in clinical applications. With the increasing concern about the safety of P. corylifolia applications in clinical, the bavachinin has been found to be one of the main components causing liver injury. In this paper, the pharmacological activities and hepatotoxicity of bavachinin in the recent 20 years were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the further study and clinical application.

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla and their neuroprotective effects / 药学学报

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of 90% EtOH extracts of the dried fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla by silica gel, MCI, RP-18, Sephadex LH-20, TLC and semi-preparative HPLC column chromatography. Their structures were identified by HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, NMR, ECD and X ray single crystal diffraction spectroscopic data as: (2R,5R,7R,10S)-2,7-dihydroxyl-eudesmane-3(4),11(12)-diene (1), α-rotunol (2), diketone I (3), (1S,4S,5R,7S)-1-hydroxyl-eremophilane-9(10),11(12)-diene-8-one (4), cyperusol A1 (5), (6R,9S,10S)-10-hydroxyl-11,12,13-trinor-cadinane-4(5)-ene-3-one (6), (2E,4E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhepta-2,4-dienal (7), oxyphyllacinol (8), yakuchinone A (9), (5R)-5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenylhept-3-heptanone (10), (5S)-5-hydroxy-7-(4″-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylhept-3-heptanone (11), (5S)-5-hydroxy-7-(4″-hydroxyl-3″-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone (12), 7-(4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3,5-heptadione (13), bis-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (14). Compounds 1-6 were sesquiterpenoids in which compound 1 is a new eudesmane sesquiterpenoid and compound 7 was a monoterpenoid. Compounds 8-13 were diarylheptanoids, and compounds 2-6 and 14 were isolated from A.oxyphylla for the first time. The experiments on H2O2 induced SH-SY5Y cells showed that compounds 2, 6, 7, 12 and 13 had neuroprotective effects at low and medium concentrations. In particular, compound 6 showed obvious neuroprotective effect at low, medium and high concentrations whose cell viability was higher than that of the positive control.

Progress in antenatal magnesium sulfate exposure for neuroprotection in preterm infants / 中华围产医学杂志

Magnesium sulfate has been administered to pregnant women at imminent risk of preterm delivery for fetal neuroprotection, but its adverse effects and target population have not been fully studied. This paper summarizes the current protocols according to the existing guidelines and the latest research progress, including the gestational age at intervention, dose, duration of therapy and the need for re-administration, hoping to provide a reference for the clinical use of magnesium sulfate for fetal neuroprotection in China.

Efficacy，safety and cost-effectiveness of edaravone dexborneol and compound porcine cerebroside ganglioside in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy， safety and cost-effectiveness of edaravone dexborneol and compound porcine cerebroside ganglioside in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke， and to provide decision-making reference for clinical treatment selection. METHODS The medical records of 488 patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized from Jan. 2021 to Dec. 2021 were collected and divided into two groups according to the treatment plan， i.e. 268 patients in edaravone dexborneol group， and 220 patients in compound porcine cerebroside ganglioside group. After baseline levels of the two groups were balanced using propensity score matching method， curative effect was evaluated according to the changes of NIHSS scores before and after treatment； the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in patients were collected from the hospital adverse reaction reporting system； from the perspective of China’s health system， the cost-effectiveness of the two options were analyzed， and one-way sensitivity analysis was conducted. RESULTS After the propensity score matching， 125 patients were included in the edaravone dexborneol group and compound porcine cerebroside ganglioside group， respectively. The response rates were 81.6% and 74.4%， respectively， with no significant difference. The average costs were 13 560.30 yuan and 14 958.68 yuan， respectively； the cost of edaravone dexborneol group was lower than that of compound porcine cerebroside ganglioside group. No adverse reaction reporting information was retrieved in both groups. Results of one-way sensitivity analysis showed that other drug costs in compound porcine cerebroside ganglioside group was relatively sensitive parameters. CONCLUSIONS Short-term efficacy and safety of edaravone dexborneol are equivalent to those of compound porcine cerebroside ganglioside in treating acute ischemic stroke. But edaravone dexborneol regimen had lower cost and is a more economical scheme.

Neuroprotective effect of cerebroprotein hydrolysate-Ⅰ on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of cerebroprotein hydrolysate (CH) -Ⅰ on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism.Methods:Eighty adult healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, CH-Ⅰ intervention group and cerebrolysin (CBL) positive control group. The model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by temporarily occluding the left middle cerebral artery with suture-occluded method. The CH-Ⅰ and CBL groups intraperitoneally injected with CH-Ⅰ and CBL at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h after reperfusion at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The sham operation group and the model group were injected with the same volume of normal saline. At 24 h after reperfusion, the behavior changes of the rats were detected by the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). The volume of cerebral infarction was detected by TTC staining. The morphology and structure of neurons in ischemic cortex were observed by Nissl staining. The apoptosis of neurons in ischemic cortex was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression changes of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) 1/2, phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pMEK) 1/2, phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the ischemic cortex were detected by Western blot.Results:At 24 h after reperfusion, the mNSS score and cerebral infarct volume in the model group were significantly higher and larger than those in the sham group (all P<0.001). The mNSS scores and cerebral infarct volumes in the CH-Ⅰ and CBL groups were significantly reduced compared with those in the model group (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the CH-Ⅰ group and the CBL group. Nissl and TUNEL staining showed that the degenerative cell index and apoptotic cell index in the CH-Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in the model group (all P<0.01), but there were no significant difference between the CH-Ⅰ group and the CBL group. Western blot analysis showed that compared with the sham operation group, the pMEK1/2, pERK1/2 and pCREB expressions in ischemic cortex were significantly enhanced and the BDNF expression was significantly attenuated in the model group ( P<0.05). Compared with the model group, pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, and pCREB expressions in the CH-Ⅰ group were significantly decreased (all P<0.05), and the BDNF expression was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Conclution:CH-Ⅰ can reduce cerebral infarct volume and improve neurological function, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the MEK-ERK-CREB pathway as well as the enhancement of BDNF expression.

Pioglitazone attenuates white matter injury in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of pioglitazone on white matter injury after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice and its mechanism.Methods:Forty-two young male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, and pioglitazone group ( n=14 in each group). The model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with suture-occluded method. On the 3 rd and 7 th day after the establishment of the model, the neural function was assessed by the adhesive removal test. The mice were killed on the 7 th day after the establishment of the model. HE staining was used to detect the extent of cerebral infarction. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis were used to detect the degree of white matter damage and the changes of microglia phenotype. Results:On the 7 th day after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the adhesive removal time in the PGZ group was significantly shortened compared with the model group ( P<0.05), the percentage of cerebral infarction volume was significantly reduced ( P<0.05), the ratio of MBP/NF200 fluorescence intensity in the cortical and striatal areas was significantly increased (all P<0.05), and the number of CD16 +/Iba1 + microglia was significantly decreased ( P<0.01), while the number of CD206 +/Iba1 + microglia tended to increase, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusion:Pioglitazone may reduce the degree of white matter injury and nerve function damage in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and its mechanism may be associated with regulating the transformation of microglia from M1 type to M2 type.

Protective effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 on ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

As a multifunctional signal molecule, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been proved to have a variety of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant stress, and neuroprotection. This article reviews the latest research progress on the protective effect of FGF21 in ischemic stroke and its relationship with cognitive impairment.

Potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol / Potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da neurotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in tempeh, has not been investigated especially in vitro as a neuroprotective agent against 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced beta-amyloid cytotoxicity. Beta amyloid peptides (Aß) could initiate neurotoxic events and neuron-inflammatory response via microglial activation. However, it remains unknown whether the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid and/or associated with the potential of 2-ME to induce neurotoxic effects on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-ME. This study investigated potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against betaamyloid cytotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol. Biotium and MTT assays were used to analyze neurons, which were isolated from the cerebral cortex of fetal mice at gestation day 19 (GD-19). A standard solution of 2-methoxyethanol was dosed at 10 µL. The cultured cells were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) 2-ME group + resveratrol standard, (2) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from tempeh, (3) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from soybean seed coats, and (4) the control group, without the addition of either 2-ME or resveratrol. Exposure of the primary cortical neuron cells to beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody pre-incubated for 24 h with 10 µL of 4.2 µg/mL resveratrol and 7.5 mmol/l 2-methoxy-ethanol additions. Here, we report that the addition of 2-ME and resveratrol (standard and isolated from tempeh) of cell culture at concentrations of 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 µg/mL showed that the majority of neurons grew well. In contrast, after exposure to 2-ME and Beta-amyloid, showed that glial activated. These findings demonstrate a role for resveratrol in neuroprotective-neurorescuing action.

O resveratrol, um polifenol natural encontrado em tempê, não foi investigado apenas in vitro como agente neuroprotetor contra a citotoxicidade beta-amiloide induzida por 2-metoxietanol (2-ME). Os peptídeos betaamiloides (Aß) podem iniciar eventos neurotóxicos e resposta inflamatória dos neurônios via ativação microglial. No entanto, permanece desconhecido se o efeito neurotóxico do peptídeo beta-amiloide associado ao potencial do 2-ME causa efeitos neurotóxicos na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-ME. Este estudo investigou o potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da citotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol. Ensaios de biotium e MTT foram utilizados para analisar os neurônios isolados do córtex cerebral de camundongos fetais no dia da gestação 19 (GD-19). As células cultivadas foram divididas aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: (1) grupo 2-ME + padrão de resveratrol; (2) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de tempê; (3) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de cascas de sementes de soja; e (4) grupo controle, sem a adição de 2-ME ou resveratrol. Houve exposição das células primárias dos neurônios corticais ao anticorpo monoclonal beta-amiloide pré-incubado por 24 horas, com 10 µL de 4,2 µg/mL de resveratrol, e adições de 7,5 mmol/l de 2-metoxietanol. A adição de 2-ME e resveratrol (padrão e isolado do tempê) da cultura de células nas concentrações de 1,4, 2,8 e 4,2 µg/mL mostrou que a maioria dos neurônios cresceu bem. Por outro lado, após a exposição ao 2-ME e beta-amiloide, a glia foi ativada. Esses achados demonstram um papel do resveratrol na ação neuroprotetora e de neurorresgate.

Potential neuroprotective of trans resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against betaamyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol / Potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da neurotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in tempeh, has not been investigated especially in vitro as a neuroprotective agent against 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced beta-amyloid cytotoxicity. Beta amyloid peptides (Aβ) could initiate neurotoxic events and neuron-inflammatory response via microglial activation. However, it remains unknown whether the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid and/or associated with the potential of 2-ME to induce neurotoxic effects on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-ME. This study investigated potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta amyloid cytotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol. Biotium and MTT assays were used to analyze neurons, which were isolated from the cerebral cortex of fetal mice at gestation day 19 (GD-19). A standard solution of 2-methoxyethanol was dosed at 10 μL. The cultured cells were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) 2-ME group + resveratrol standard, (2) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from tempeh, (3) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from soybean seed coats, and (4) the control group, without the addition of either 2-ME or resveratrol. Exposure of the primary cortical neuron cells to beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody pre-incubated for 24 h with 10 µL of 4.2 µg/mL resveratrol and 7.5 mmol/l 2-methoxy-ethanol additions. Here, we report that the addition of 2-ME and resveratrol (standard and isolated from tempeh) of cell culture at concentrations of 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 µg/mL showed that the majority of neurons grew well. In contrast, after exposure to 2-ME and Beta-amyloid, showed that glial activated. These findings demonstrate a role for resveratrol in neuroprotective-neurorescuing action.

O resveratrol, um polifenol natural encontrado em tempê, não foi investigado apenas in vitro como agente neuroprotetor contra a citotoxicidade beta-amiloide induzida por 2-metoxietanol (2-ME). Os peptídeos beta amiloides (Aβ) podem iniciar eventos neurotóxicos e resposta inflamatória dos neurônios via ativação microglial. No entanto, permanece desconhecido se o efeito neurotóxico do peptídeo beta-amiloide associado ao potencial do 2-ME causa efeitos neurotóxicos na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-ME. Este estudo investigou o potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da citotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol. Ensaios de biotium e MTT foram utilizados para analisar os neurônios isolados do córtex cerebral de camundongos fetais no dia da gestação 19 (GD-19). As células cultivadas foram divididas aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: (1) grupo 2-ME + padrão de resveratrol; (2) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de tempê; (3) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de cascas de sementes de soja; e (4) grupo controle, sem a adição de 2-ME ou resveratrol. Houve exposição das células primárias dos neurônios corticais ao anticorpo monoclonal beta-amiloide pré-incubado por 24 horas, com 10 µL de 4,2 µg/mL de resveratrol, e adições de 7,5 mmol/l de 2-metoxietanol. A adição de 2-ME e resveratrol (padrão e isolado do tempê) da cultura de células nas concentrações de 1,4, 2,8 e 4,2 µg/mL mostrou que a maioria dos neurônios cresceu bem. Por outro lado, após a exposição ao 2-ME e beta-amiloide, a glia foi ativada. Esses achados demonstram um papel do resveratrol na ação neuroprotetora e de neurorresgate.

Potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol

Abstract Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in tempeh, has not been investigated especially in vitro as a neuroprotective agent against 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced beta-amyloid cytotoxicity. Beta amyloid peptides (A) could initiate neurotoxic events and neuron-inflammatory response via microglial activation. However, it remains unknown whether the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid and/or associated with the potential of 2-ME to induce neurotoxic effects on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-ME. This study investigated potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid cytotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol. Biotium and MTT assays were used to analyze neurons, which were isolated from the cerebral cortex of fetal mice at gestation day 19 (GD-19). A standard solution of 2-methoxyethanol was dosed at 10 L. The cultured cells were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) 2-ME group + resveratrol standard, (2) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from tempeh, (3) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from soybean seed coats, and (4) the control group, without the addition of either 2-ME or resveratrol. Exposure of the primary cortical neuron cells to beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody pre-incubated for 24 h with 10 µL of 4.2 µg/mL resveratrol and 7.5 mmol/l 2-methoxy-ethanol additions. Here, we report that the addition of 2-ME and resveratrol (standard and isolated from tempeh) of cell culture at concentrations of 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 µg/mL showed that the majority of neurons grew well. In contrast, after exposure to 2-ME and Beta-amyloid, showed that glial activated. These findings demonstrate a role for resveratrol in neuroprotective-neurorescuing action.

Resumo O resveratrol, um polifenol natural encontrado em tempê, não foi investigado apenas in vitro como agente neuroprotetor contra a citotoxicidade beta-amiloide induzida por 2-metoxietanol (2-ME). Os peptídeos beta-amiloides (A) podem iniciar eventos neurotóxicos e resposta inflamatória dos neurônios via ativação microglial. No entanto, permanece desconhecido se o efeito neurotóxico do peptídeo beta-amiloide associado ao potencial do 2-ME causa efeitos neurotóxicos na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-ME. Este estudo investigou o potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da citotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol. Ensaios de biotium e MTT foram utilizados para analisar os neurônios isolados do córtex cerebral de camundongos fetais no dia da gestação 19 (GD-19). As células cultivadas foram divididas aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: (1) grupo 2-ME + padrão de resveratrol; (2) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de tempê; (3) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de cascas de sementes de soja; e (4) grupo controle, sem a adição de 2-ME ou resveratrol. Houve exposição das células primárias dos neurônios corticais ao anticorpo monoclonal beta-amiloide pré-incubado por 24 horas, com 10 µL de 4,2 µg/mL de resveratrol, e adições de 7,5 mmol/l de 2-metoxietanol. A adição de 2-ME e resveratrol (padrão e isolado do tempê) da cultura de células nas concentrações de 1,4, 2,8 e 4,2 µg/mL mostrou que a maioria dos neurônios cresceu bem. Por outro lado, após a exposição ao 2-ME e beta-amiloide, a glia foi ativada. Esses achados demonstram um papel do resveratrol na ação neuroprotetora e de neurorresgate.